James Lovelock defined Gaia as: : ”a complex entity involving the Earth’s biosphere, atmosphere, oceans, and soil; the totality constituting a feedback or cybernetic system which seeks an optimal physical and chemical environment for life on this planet.” His initial ...Hypothesis
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The Gaia hypothesis was first scientifically formulated in the 1960s by the independent research scientist James Lovelock, as a consequence of his work for NASA on methods of detecting life on Mars. He initially published the ''Gaia Hypothesis'' in journal articles in the early 1970s followed by...
The hypothesis describes a feedback loop that begins with an increase in the available energy from the sun acting to increase the growth rates of phytoplankton by either a physiological effect (due to elevated temperature) or enhanced photosynthesis (due to increased irradiance). Certain...
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James Lovelock defined Gaia as: : ”a complex entity involving the Earth’s biosphere, atmosphere, oceans, and soil; the totality constituting a feedback or cybernetic system which seeks an optimal physical and chemical environment for life on this planet.” His initial ...
After much criticism, a modified Gaia hypothesis is now considered within ecological science basically consistent with the planet Earth being the ultimate object of ecological study. Ecologists generally consider the biosphere as an ecosystem and the Gaia hypothesis, though a ...
Adapted from the Wikipedia article Gaia hypothesis, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki
The Gaia hypothesis was first scientifically formulated in the 1960s by the independent research scientist James Lovelock, as a consequence of his work for NASA on methods of detecting life on Mars. He initially published the ”Gaia Hypothesis” in journal ... The hypothesis describes a feedback loop that begins with an increase in the available energy from the sun acting to increase the growth rates of phytoplankton by either a physiological effect (due to elevated temperature) or enhanced photosynthesis (due to ...
Gaia Theory has developed considerably and in recent years both Lovelock’s and Margulis’s understanding of Gaia have gained some increased support as a potentially viable, testable scientific hypothesis or theory.. Margulis dedicated the last of eight chapters in her book, ...
Lovelock responded to criticisms by developing the mathematical model Daisyworld with Andrew Watson to demonstrate that feedback mechanisms could evolve from the actions or activities of self-interested organisms, rather than through classic group selection mechanisms. Daisyworld examines the energy budget ...
This theory is based on the idea that the biomass self-regulates the conditions on the planet to make its physical environment (in particular temperature and chemistry of the atmosphere) on the planet more hospitable to the species that constitute its ...
In 1988, to draw attention to the Gaia hypothesis, the climatologist Stephen Schneider organised a conference of the American Geophysical Union’s first Chapman Conference on Gaia, held at San Diego in 1989, solely to discuss Gaia. At the conference James ...
In 1985, the first public symposium on the Gaia Hypothesis — Is The Earth A Living Organism? — was held at the University of Massachusetts August 1-6. The principal sponsor was the National Audubon Society Expedition Institute. Speakers included James ...
Some have found James Kirchner’s suggested spectrum, proposed at the First Gaia Chapman Conference, useful in suggesting that the original Gaia hypothesis could be split into a spectrum of hypotheses, ranging from the undeniable (Weak Gaia) to the radical (Strong ...
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